RESUMEN
Background: Dexmedetomidine has sympatholytic, ant nociceptive, sedative, and anti-sialagogue properties without causing respiratory depression. Dexmedetomidine is the active d-isomer of medetomidine, that is a selective and specific α2-adrenoceptor agonist. It acts by the central sympatholytic action. So it provides haemodynamic stability. It has both analgesic as well as anaesthetic sparing property. Dexmedetomidine is also an effective sedative. Methods: Study Population:- Two groups were included in this study.49 cases were included in group II & 50 cases were included in group II.The duration of study was over a period of 6 month.This study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia in Carrier Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. Results: This result revealed that adverse effect of bradycardia was seen only in one patient. None of the patients was sedated after discontinuation of anesthesia. Conclusion: This study concludes that, during laryngoscopy and in the perioperative period, a single pre-operative dose of Dexmedetomidine provides better hemodynamic stability in comparison to Fentanyl by attenuation of sympathoadrenal response.
RESUMEN
Introduction: For lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries,epidural anesthesia technique of central neuraxial blockade isin used very commonly as this technique avoids theshortcomings and drawbacks of general anesthesia like airwaymanipulation and poly-pharmacy along with other untowardeffects like postoperative nausea and vomiting while ruling outneed for additional intravenous analgesics.Methodology: In our study two groups were included that wasgroup R and group RD. 50 cases were included in in eachgroups. This study was conducted in the Department ofAnesthesia, Carrier Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital,Lucknow, U.P., India.Study Duration: The duration of study was over a period of sixmonths.Result: In our study two groups were included that was groupR and group RD. 50 cases were included in in each groups.The mean duration of motor blockade is 149.00±14.21mins ingroup R and 233.70±15.26 minutes in group RD; alsosignificant difference between the group (p=0.001).Conclusion: This study suggested that Dexmedetomidinewhen added to Ropivacaine produces profound synergisticeffect and prolongs motor and sensory blockade.
RESUMEN
Metformin is recommended as initial monotherapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus because it decreases the higher blood glucose by suppressing hepatic production of glucose, apart from suppression of hepatic glucose production, it also increases sensitivity of insulin, it also enhances the peripheral uptake of glucose (by inducing GLUT4 enhancer factor phosphorylation), and it also decreases the insulin-induced suppression of fatty acid oxidation. The aim of this study, metformin and combination of metformin and sitagliptin in type ii diabetic mellitus patients. Methods: Two groups were included in this study. Each group has 50 cases & each case was having diabetic mellitus. This study conducted in the Career Institute of Medical Sciences in the Department of Pharmacology. The duration of study was over a period of six month. Results: In our study we were included two groups. Each group has 50 cases, means total 100 cases were included. In group I we were observed 26 male & 24 female out of 50 cases. In group I we found that 13 had vomiting followed by diarrhea, metallic taste, abdominal pain. While in group II we found that 3 had vomiting followed by diarrhea, metallic taste, abdominal pain. Conclusion: The foregone discussion revealed that in patients who are on monotherapy with metformin alone having inadequate glycaemic control. The addition of one daily dose of Sitagliptin 100 mg is the most effective way of maintaining glycaemic control.
RESUMEN
Alkaline phosphatase, ALP is found in all tissue of the body.(4) The enzyme responsible for extracellular catabolism of glutathione’s is Gamma glutamyltransferase, GGT]. It is the main thiol intracellular antioxidant agent. The larger function of enzyme is to transport amino acid and peptide into the cell across the cell membrane in the form of gamma glutamyl peptidase. The only iodine containing amine hormones in the vertebrate are Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Methods: All samples were taken from hypothyroid, hyperthyroid and euthyroid subjects who fasted for at least 8 hours before the blood collection.Serum separated and analyzed for T3, T4, TSH, CK-NAC, CK-MB, LDH and AST(SGOT) . The sample was processed in standardized manner under set protocol in the Department of Biochemistry. Results: Among the total of 300 subjects of ages 25 -50 years of both sexes were included in the study, 100 were hypothyroid, 100 were hyperthyroid and 100 were euthyroid. Their serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH were estimated and confirmed. Conclusion: The present study might be beneficial in public health and clinical practice, as both thyroid disorders and cardiovascular diseases are important issue of concern to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
RESUMEN
Serum uric acid (SUA) is an end product of purine metabolism. SUA is excreted mainly through the kidneys. Multiple mechanisms have been reported to show the association of hyperuricemia with glucose intolerance. The association between insulin and renal resistance to absorption of urates has been found out to be the most important among these mechanisms. Methods: This comparative study contains 50 subjects of type 2 diabetes having an age group of 40-65 years were participated in case & 50 healthy subjects as control group. This case control study conducted in the department of department of biochemistry, LPS institute of Cardiology, GSVM medical college, Kanpur. Results: In the case-control study were found 54% male and 46% female in case group & 42% female and 58% female. We suggested that in study group 44% cases were belongs to 61-65 age group followed by other while in control group 42% were belongs to 61-65 age group followed by other age group. Conclusion: This study conclude that there were significant correlation between uric acid and HOMA-IR value. Hyperuricemia is related to risk factors for insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The study concluded a significant progressive relationship between increased uric acid level with respect to HOMA-IR levels which is an indices of insulin resistance.
RESUMEN
Object: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of commonmetabolic disorders that share the phenotype ofhyperglycemia. DM is a condition in which there is a chronicallyraised blood glucose concentration. Diabetes mellitusrepresents an important independent risk factor for thedevelopment of and mortality from coronary heart disease, andincreases the risk by 2 to 4 times. An increased plasmahomocysteine level is an important risk factor for vasculardisease, including coronary atherosclerosis, in the generalpopulation. However, the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in thedevelopment of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients withtype 2 diabetes is unknown. Therefore, present study wasconducted to determine the relationship between plasmahomocysteine levels and the presence of CAD in patients withtype 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods: Patients of known or newlydiagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus type 2 for 8 monthsduration who came through outdoor patient department (OPD)or indoor patient of Hi-tech hospital and research center,Bhubaneswar. Blood samples were collected in fasting state toanalyzed for fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, Plasmahomocysteine level.Results: In DM patients, Homocysteine found to bestatistically significant increased (p < 0.001) from 11.39 ± 0.91to 19.19 ± 1.08 μmol/L by 68.48% with respect to controlsubjects.Conclusion: The aforementioned observations suggested thatelevated level of homocysteine could be responsible for thepathogenesis of CAD. Available evidence indicates thathyperglycemia increases risk for cardiovascular disease indiabetes mellitus.
RESUMEN
Background: Aims & Objective:- The present study was suggested with the objective to of antimicrobial drug use in different indication in the tertiary care hospital.Methods: The case study was carried out in the Departments of pharmacology and pediatrics of carrier institute of Medical sciences Lucknow. Results: In the present study, total 250 cases were included. Among the 250 cases 70% were male and 30% were female. In this study we found that 49.2% cases were belong to between 1year to 5 year age group followed by 1 month – 1 year (14.8%) &>5 year (36%).In our study , 43.2% cases had 6-12 kg weight followed by 28%(12-18 kg) , 16.8%(18-30 kg), 12%(<6kg). Conclusion: This study conclude that, common use of antibiotic without culture and sensitivity, may leads to high cost burden and commonly resistance to antibiotics. This situation comes from parents' pressure of quick relief using strong medication.
RESUMEN
Background: The uric acid in serum (SUA) is significantly related with cardiovascular disease, it is proved by clinically. The increased level of uric acid in the serum lead to highly platelet reactivity mediating inflammation and stimulate of smooth muscle cell production which probably degrades acute thrombosis. Methods: The blood samples were collected and sent to biochemistry laboratory for estimation of uric acid. This study conducted in the Departments of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Medical College Lucknow. Results: In this study 200 patients included with acute myocardial infarction. Among the 200 patients, 148 (74%) were male and 52 (26%) were female. Among the 25-70 Age group , most of people from 56-70 age group. Mean of uric acid level in male cases was 5.6 and female cases was 5.2 , male controls was 4.2 and female controls was 3.6. Conclusion: The uric acid level in the serum are high in patients which had acute myocardial infarction as compare to other persons. It is also higher with the killips classes. The Killips classification and uric acid level in the serum is a good analyst of mortality after acute myocardial infarction, if is combined.
RESUMEN
Background: Metformin is believed that marvelous survivor for diabetes and coined as glucose eater among all oral hypoglycemic agents. Antibiotic Resistance is the major issue which compromising the treatment of bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic infection. The present study showed that effectiveness of metformin drug on microbes. Methods: This study conducted in the department of pharmacology in the carrier institute of medical sciences over a period of six month. Results: Antimicrobial activity of metformin was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi using disk diffusion technique of Kierby baur methods. CIP & AK was used as standard antibiotics. Antioxidant potentiality of metformin was investigated by DPPH scavenging activity. Metformin active at 500 μg/ml, showed very good antimicrobial activity against most of the bacterial strains with an average zone of inhibition of 12-15mm. Conclusions: Metformin demonstrated a pronounced inhibitory action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an organism which is known to be multidrug resistant. The tested fungi are Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The tested drug showed very good antifungal activity with an average 13-17 mm zone of inhibition.
RESUMEN
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is recognized as a global public health problem. In India Vitamin D Deficiency is prevalent, a finding that is unexpected in a tropical country with abundant sunshine. This study evaluated prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among geriatric patients.Methods: The present study was a hospitalized based cross sectional study conducted among geriatric patients attending the ortho. OPD of CIMS, Lucknow. Those elderly (>60 yrs) consenting to participate were including in this study .Patients who were on vitamin D3 & calcium supply (6 month) were excluded. Results: In this study we have taken 200 sample size. Geriatric patients who were not on vitamin D and calcium supplements for last 6 months were included for the study. Out of 200 participants, only 27(13.5%) participants had normal vitamin D levels and 173 (86.5%) study participants had low vitamin D levels among them 112 (56%) participants had vitamin D deficiency, 61(30.5%) participants had vitamin D insufficiency. Conclusions: Present study confirmed that Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem among geriatric age group.
RESUMEN
Background: Free radicals and other reactive species are constantly generated in vivo and cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. DNA is probably the most biologically significant target of oxidative attack. Among numerous types of oxidative DNA damage the formation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress, an adduct formed as a result of biochemical reaction between ROS and DNA. Chronic exposure to Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides is implicated in many health conditions that result from the induction of oxidative stress, including cytogenetic damage. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the biochemical levels of 8-OHdG in spot urinary samples under the exposed OP pesticide sprayers and farm workers. Methods: In this study, 51 male pesticide sprayers and 39 farm workers in the age group of 18-47 years having exposure ranged from 3 to 15 years in duration were selected. The referents (n=31) were selected on the same criteria as well as they were never exposed to pesticides at any time. This study was conducted during the growing season (January, 2009 – September, 2010). The most commonly used OP pesticides like chlorpyriphos, Diazinon, Dimethioate, Monocrotofos etc., were used in this study. Urine samples from each participant were taken in sterile tubes and were stored at -200C till analysed. The concentration of 8-OHdG in samples were analyzed using ELISA. Results: The urinary levels of 8-OHdG were found to be significantly higher in the farm workers and pesticide sprayers in contrast to the level observed in the control group (p<0.05). When the data was analyzed in the exposed groups in relation to duration of exposure it was found that both the farm workers and sprayers who were exposed to OP pesticides for less than 5 years showed the maximum mean values of 8-OHdG in comparison to those exposed to for more than 10 years. Conclusions: In view of this regular bio monitoring studies in target human populations are imperative necessary due to frequent changes in pesticide formulations and introduction of newer pesticides. Despite that several life style factors may influence the urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG but still this non-invasive bio-marker 8-OHdG is preferred over other invasive techniques to evaluate the environmental and occupational exposure effect of OP pesticides on the genotoxicity of the exposed workers.
RESUMEN
Tocotrienols are members of the vitamin E family essential for human nutrition. It has four isomeric forms i.e., α, β, γ, δ. Palm oil and rice bran oil represent two major nutritional sources of natural tocotrienols. Taken orally, tocotrienols are bioavailable to all vital organs. Apart from tocotrienols antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineurodegeneration, antimicrobial, anticancer properties it also has antihypercholesterolemic and antiangiogenic properties. During the last 7 years, tocotrienol research has gained substantial momentum. More than 75% of the entire PubMed literature on tocotrienols has been published on or after 2000. This represents major swing in the overall direction of tocotrienol research. The objective of this review is to highlight the potential significance of the tocotrienol in cardiovascular diseases, mainly anti hypercholesterolemic and anti hyperlipidemic properties along with its efficacy and safety.